Nutritional Supplements



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Essential versus Non-essential Nutrients
Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and enzymes are essential for the body's functionality. Prebiotics and probiotics effectively act as catalysts in maintaining good health, but are not essential.

Herbs and homeopathics are believed to be natural medicines based only in pseudoscience. Some are proven to be effective for treating conditions while most are not, and some are proven to cause conditions.

Is natural safe?
The short answer is no. Something being natural does not mean it was meant for human consumption. Poison ivy is natural. Similarly, because something is commonly used as an alternative treatment for a condition does not mean that it treats the condition.

Remember that all perceivable matter is chemical. It is YOUR responsibility to know what you purchase and consume. It is YOUR mistake if you did not read about something on a credible source prior to consumption. Sales representatives and clerks will not care if you have bought something potentially harmful to you, and it will not come back on them.

Synthetic, Food Based, & Whole Food
Synthetic supplements are isolated supplements processed chemically. They are okay for consumption but not ideal for long term, because they strain the digestive system on account of the body being used to breaking down cells to process them. They can often cause nausea and sometimes vomiting.

Food based supplements are isolated supplements grown with or inserted into an edible food source so that they are not isolated. They are better for consumption than synthetic supplements and do not cause nausea.

Whole food supplements are concentrated with actual food sources that are dehydrated and processed. This is the best option for consumption, but it is also rare in stores.

Probiotics
Probiotic consumption is simple to understand. Probiotics are bacteria that are healthy to consume because they fight other bacteria in your digestive system, which in turn reduces strain on your immune system. Many brands will advertise the potency of bacteria present, saying in large letters that x billion cells are in each serving. Potency does not matter beyond 10 billion, because the excess becomes extracted. What does matter is the number of different strains present; the higher, the better.

WARNING
If you have a medical condition and/or are taking medications, be sure check for drug interferences prior to consumption. I highly recommend drugs.com as the most excellent resource for drug and disease interactions.

From personal experience, we had to learn from a medical professional that taking glucosamine chondroitin can accelerate mycobacterial infection in the lungs! As stated above, educating oneself is critical.

Harmful "Other Ingredients"
Other ingredients will always be listed under the nutrition label. It has to be said that they are not there because of nutritional value or are types of bonus ingredients, as some would suggest. Other ingredients refers to either the excipients or the capsule containing the supplement.

Potassium sorbate is listed in most liquid supplements. It is a food preservative that while added in low enough quantities to be determined as safe by many agencies, the concern for it is its consumption over an extended period of time. It has an NFPA 704 toxicity of 2, and in large quantities has been shown to be damaging to genes, especially when consumed with nitrites. It is best to avoid potassium sorbate where possible.

Magnesium stearate and stearic acid are closely related industrial lubricants added to most solid supplements. They are present to prevent the supplement from clinging to machines during the manufacturing process, and for no other reason. While added in low enough quantities to be determined as safe by many agencies, the concern is for their consumption over an extended period of time. They both have an NFPA 704 toxicity of 1. According to ONE study, too much of it can cause irritation in the bowels which can lead to either diarrhea or a spasm causing the spontaneous crapping of pants. Other health claims about them, such as weakening the body's absorption or disrupting immune function are unsubstantiated. It is best to avoid these additives where possible.

Sales Strategies
Keep in mind that the supplements industry aims to make money just like every other industry. More bad news, especially here.

It is no secret that the pharmaceutical industry has an array of faults. Supplement sales people will use this fact as their go-to sales tactic, projecting an overall blinder for uninformed consumers to insinuate that all the products they push are safe and necessary.

Many sales people will knowingly push unsubstantiated claims of health benefits for their products, stating much of the time that it has been researched by the brand itself. Many will also use shotgun argumentation to achieve this goal, counting on blowing the mind of an uninformed audience.

One is on their own in learning what is backed by science prior to purchasing. Sales reps and clerks will sometimes try to convince customers that the science is in and x supplement works for y condition. If it isn't in writing, they can lie all they want.

Containers will never say something like "cures cancer" because legally they cannot. Often they will say something like "promotes/supports/helps with" immune health. This has no factual implication either way. Sales reps will look for these on labels while showing products, to show the consumer, strengthen their pitch, and make it sound as if the product does improve immune health.

Again, education.

Ascorbate / ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
RDV & ODL 90 - 2000 mg
Essential Immune system regulation
Deficiency Scurvy
Overdose Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, possibly causes kidney stone formation

4-Amino-3-methyl-1-naphthol (MK-7)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Amylase (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Beta-carotene (one of vitamin A)
RDV & ODL 0 - ∞ mg (fat soluble)
Essential N/A; inactive form of Vitamin A
Deficiency None
Overdose Carotenodermia (orange skin), increased risk of prostate cancer, increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, and increased risk of lung cancer in smokers and those exposed to asbestos

Biotin (vitamin B7)
RDV & ODL 30 - ∞ μg (water soluble)
Essential Processing amino acids, carbohydrates, and fats
Deficiency Rashes, conjunctivitis, aciduria, myalgia, paresthesia, ketolactic acidosis, hallucinations, lethargy, hair loss, brittle nails
Overdose Insomnia, excessive thirst and urination

Calcium
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Carbonic anhydrase (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Catalase (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
RDV & ODL 15 - 1000 (D3) μg
Essential Bone and muscle strength, immune function
Deficiency Bone pain and fractures, muscle pain and weakness, susceptibility to falls in the elderly, fatigue, depression, hair loss, loss of appetite, susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections
Overdose Hypercalcemia (high blood calcium - nausea, vomiting, weakness, excessive urination, coma, heart attack)

Choline
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
RDV & ODL 2.4 - ∞ μg (water soluble)
Essential Metabolism, DNA synthesis
Deficiency Malabsorption leading to malnutrition, muscle weakness, increased heart rate, numbness, nausea, weight loss, irritability, fatigue
Overdose Paresthesia, headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue

Cyanocobalamin
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

22-Dihydroergocalciferol (vitamin D4)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Ergocalciferol and lumisterol (vitamin D1)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Folate (vitamin B9)
RDV & ODL 400 - 1000 μg
Essential RNA/DNA production, metabolism of amino acids used for cell division
Deficiency Glossitis, diarrhea, depression, megaloblastic anemia
Overdose Nausea, diarrhea, seizures

Histidine (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Iron
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Isoleucine (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Leucine (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Lipases (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Lysine (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Magnesium
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Maltase (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Menadione (vitamin K3)
RDV & ODL 0
Essential N/A; artificial vitamin created for animal feed to produce K2 in meat and is harmful for human consumption
Deficiency None
Overdose Liver damage, hemolysis

Menaquinone (vitamin K2 / MK)
RDV & ODL 100 - 300 μg
Essential In conjunction with vitamin K1, produces prothrombin; heart health, blood clotting, bone metabolism
Deficiency Bruising and bleeding skin, weak bones and teeth
Overdose Unknown

Menatetrenone (MK-4)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Methionine (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Niacin (one of vitamin B3)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Nicotinamide (one of vitamin B3)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Nicotinamide riboside (one of vitamin B3)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Pancrelipase (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Papain (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Pepsin (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Phenylalanine (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Phytomenadione (vitamin K1)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Potassium
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Pyridoxal (one of vitamin B6)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Pyridoxamine (one of vitamin B6)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Pyridoxine (one of vitamin B6)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Retinol (one of vitamin A)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Sitocalciferol (vitamin D5)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Sucrase (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Thiamine (vitamin B1)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Threonine (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Tocopherol
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Trypsin (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Typsinogen (enzyme)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Tryptophan (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Valine (amino)
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Zinc
RDV & ODL
Essential
Deficiency
Overdose

Aloe vera
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Ashwagandha
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Black cohosh
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Chamomile
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

CoQ10
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Cranberry
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Echinacea
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Ephedra
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Evening Primrose Oil
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Fenugreek
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Feverfew
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Garlic
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Ginger
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Ginkgo biloba
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Ginseng
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Glucosamine chondroitin
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Goldenseal
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Kava
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Liquorice
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Milk thistle
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Peppermint
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Phosphatidylserine (PS)
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Red clover
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Rhodiola rosea
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Saw palmetto
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

St. John's Wort
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Turmeric
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Valerian
• Description
• Proven
• Speculated
• Discredited
• Side Effects
• Overdose Symptoms

Condition
• Supplements proven beneficial
• Supplements speculated beneficial
• Supplements disproven as beneficial

Name
Icon • Certified testing
• Brands with certification

Alive!
Short preview: All their products are synthetic. I've often felt queasy after taking these and have thrown up once. Not recommended.

Amazon Elements
Review

Country Life
Review

Garden of Life
Short preview: I highly recommend this one.

Kirkland Signature
Review

Klean Athlete
Review

Life Extension
Review

Matsun Nutrition
Review

MegaFood
Review

MRM Nutrition
Short preview: I highly recommend this one.

Nature Made
Review

Nordic Naturals
Review

Standard Process
Review

Stonehenge
Review

Updated January 2024
Bill Liam East
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